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The Persian empire was a multinational state under the leadership of the Persians; among these peoples the Medes, Iranian sister nation of the Persians, held a special position. The original Persians were members of Aryan tribes that arrived from the Central Asia and the Caucasus with sheep and horses in the 2nd millennium B.C., driving out an earlier agricultural civilization. The Persians divided their empire into 20 provinces that were managed by governors.
Understanding the Context
In addition, they provided land to feudal lords in exchange for loyalty and guarantees of soldiers for the Persian army. The origins of the Persians trace back to nomadic Indo-European peoples who settled in the Iranian Plateau around 1000 B.C.E., eventually forming a unified culture in what is now Fars province. Historically, the Persians established the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great in the 6th century B.C.E., which became the largest empire of its time. Most Persians today are Shia Muslims of the Ithna Ashari sect and adhere to Islamic laws and principles.
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Key Insights
Persian art is found in a variety of forms ranging from intricately patterned tiles and Quranic inscriptions on the walls of mosques to handicrafts, miniature painting, and calligraphy.